HISTORY OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

The development of strategic management in developed countries through four stages, namely:1. Budget and Financial Control (1900's) the Management Control,The main essence of the developed system management, particularly in the U.S. first before the second world war (II), put emphasis on the function of control as a key tool in strategic management. At that time, financial condition or environment is relatively stable and competitive business does not really affect our business, so that would be needed just enough control or recurring problems by using the same pattern, which is often used tool that will mostly relies on the financial control systems and manual procedures.
2. Long Term Planning (from the 1950s) Managemen the extrapolationIn the next period, a management control shifted and replaced with a pattern of management on the basis of extrapolation or try - try, this karenakan during the business organization is starting to deal with changes in the environment or acceleration, but changes in the environment which is still very easily anticipated by what money made forecasts extrapolate the data from the previous state. At that time also has appeared a variety of management tools such as capital budgeting, management of the objective, and the long range planing her.
3. Corporate Strategic Plan (from 1960's) the Anticipation of Change ManagementIn this period of change and growth discontinuities increasingly rapid environmental changes and was once its influence on the activities of the company so it is not enough anymore faced with extrapolation and control it, but the approach often used when it is through periodic strategic planning, so management can determine priorities and minimize the risks that might arise from an alternative's selected strategy is selected and
4. Strategic Management (from mid 1970/90's) trough Management Flexible and Rapid ResponseThis development is the latest in management systems that will be developed is the management by emphasizing the element of flexibility and responsiveness to all environments. Under these conditions arise so many external challenges it faces, then the management itself is very difficult to anticipate accurately beforehand. Patterns of flexibility will be particularly emphasized that the response by management dtelah iberikan still be adapted to environmental conditions that are often encountered. Even if the manager needs to be able to affect the environment (creative and innovative power management).